Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV): What Cat Owners Need to Know

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) is often called “feline AIDS” because it affects a cat’s immune system, making them more vulnerable to infections. While FIV sounds scary, many FIV-positive cats can live long, happy lives with proper care. In this blog, we’ll cover what FIV is, how it spreads, symptoms, and how to care for an FIV-positive cat.

What is FIV?

FIV is a virus that weakens a cat’s immune system over time, making them more prone to secondary infections. It belongs to the same family as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but it cannot be transmitted to humans or other animals—only cats.

Once a cat is infected, FIV stays in their system for life. However, many cats can remain healthy for years before showing symptoms.

How is FIV Spread?

FIV is mainly spread through deep bite wounds, which is why unneutered male cats that fight are at the highest risk. It can also be transmitted from a mother cat to her kittens, but this is less common. Unlike feline leukaemia (FeLV), FIV is not easily spread through casual contact like grooming, sharing food bowls, or using the same litter tray.

Symptoms of FIV

FIV progresses slowly, and symptoms may not appear for years. However, when a cat’s immune system becomes weakened, they may develop:

• Recurring infections (gums, skin, respiratory tract, bladder)

• Weight loss and poor coat condition

• Fever and lethargy

• Swollen lymph nodes

• Slow healing of wounds

• Neurological issues in later stages

Because these symptoms overlap with many other illnesses, a blood test is needed to diagnose FIV.

Caring for an FIV-Positive Cat

FIV-positive cats can live normal lives with proper care. Here’s how to help them stay healthy:

1. Keep them indoors – This prevents the spread of FIV and protects them from infections and fights.

2. Feed a high-quality diet – Good nutrition supports their immune system.

3. Regular vet check-ups – Early detection of infections is key to managing their health.

4. Reduce stress – A calm, low-stress environment helps maintain their well-being.

5. Monitor for infections – Treat minor illnesses quickly to prevent complications.

Can FIV-Positive Cats Live with Other Cats?

Yes! As long as there’s no fighting or deep bites, FIV-positive and FIV-negative cats can coexist peacefully. Many multi-cat households successfully integrate FIV-positive cats without transmission.

Prevention and Testing

• Neuter or spay your cat to reduce fighting and the risk of transmission.

• Test new cats before introducing them to your household.

• Keep cats indoors or supervise outdoor time to prevent fights with unknown cats.

FIV is Not a Death Sentence

Many FIV-positive cats live just as long as uninfected cats. If your cat has FIV, they can still enjoy a full, happy life with your love and care.

At Snuffles, we prioritise breeding healthy, genetically screened Persian and exotic cats, reducing the risk of conditions like FIV. If you’re considering adding a new cat to your family or have questions about feline health, visit our website: Snuffles Persians & Exotics.