Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP): What Every Cat Owner Needs to Know

Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) is one of the most heartbreaking diseases a cat can face. Once considered a death sentence, recent advancements in treatment have given hope to affected cats and their owners. In this blog, we’ll explore what FIP is, its symptoms, how it spreads, and what options are available for treatment.

What is FIP?

FIP is a viral disease caused by a mutation of the feline coronavirus (FCoV). Most cats are exposed to feline coronavirus at some point in their lives, but only a small percentage (around 5-10%) develop FIP. The disease occurs when the virus mutates into a deadly form that attacks the immune system, leading to severe inflammation in organs and body cavities.

Types of FIP

There are two main forms of FIP:

1. Wet (Effusive) FIP

• Fluid builds up in the abdomen or chest, causing swelling and difficulty breathing.

• This form progresses rapidly and is more common in young cats.

2. Dry (Non-Effusive) FIP

• Causes inflammation in various organs, leading to neurological symptoms, eye problems, and general organ failure.

• It progresses more slowly but is still fatal without treatment.

Symptoms of FIP

FIP symptoms can vary depending on whether a cat has the wet or dry form. Common signs include:

• Lethargy and weakness

• Loss of appetite and weight loss

• Fever that doesn’t respond to antibiotics

• Swollen belly (wet FIP)

• Breathing difficulties

• Neurological issues (such as seizures, wobbliness, or strange behaviours)

• Eye inflammation or cloudiness

Since these symptoms are vague and overlap with other illnesses, diagnosing FIP can be challenging.

How is FIP Spread?

Feline coronavirus is highly contagious and spreads through saliva, faeces, shared litter trays, food bowls, and close contact. However, only a small percentage of infected cats develop FIP. Factors that increase the risk of FIP include:

• Stress (such as rehoming or overcrowded conditions)

• Weakened immune system (kittens, elderly cats, or those with other illnesses)

• Genetics (certain bloodlines may be more susceptible)

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosing FIP requires a combination of blood tests, imaging (such as ultrasounds or X-rays), and fluid analysis for wet FIP cases. There is no single definitive test.

In the past, FIP was considered untreatable, but new antiviral drugs such as GS-441524 and Remdesivir have changed the outlook for affected cats. These medications have been shown to cure FIP in many cases, though they are expensive and require a strict treatment regimen over 12 weeks.

Preventing FIP

While there is no guaranteed way to prevent FIP, you can reduce the risk by:

• Keeping litter boxes clean and away from food/water bowls

• Minimising stress in multi-cat households

• Avoiding overcrowding and ensuring good hygiene

• Supporting your cat’s immune system with a healthy diet and regular vet check-ups

Hope for Cats with FIP

Thanks to groundbreaking treatments, FIP is no longer a certain death sentence. If you suspect your cat has FIP, seek veterinary advice immediately. Early intervention and the right treatment can make all the difference.

At Snuffles, we are dedicated to breeding healthy, well-screened Persian and exotic cats to minimise the risk of genetic vulnerabilities. If you have any concerns about FIP or feline health, feel free to reach out or visit our website for more information: Snuffles Persians & Exotics.